2. python ip格式验证

python验证ip格式，包含ipv4，ipv6格式，ip范围，ip段等验证

备注

需要引用以下包

import IPy

from ipaddress import IPv4Address

from ipaddress import IPv4Network

from ipaddress import IPv6Address

from ipaddress import IPv6Network

from ipaddress import AddressValueError

from ipaddress import NetmaskValueError

2.1. 验证是否为ipv4地址

def is_ipv4(address: str) -> bool:
 """
 判断一个字符串是否为ipv4地址
 :param address: 待认证的字符串
 :return: True or False
 Usage::
   >>> is_ipv4("10.14.10.10")
   True
   >>> is_ipv4("100.200.600.50")
   False
 """
 try:
     IPv4Address(address)
     return True
 except AddressValueError:
     return False

2.2. 验证是否为ipv6地址

def is_ipv6(address: str) -> bool:
  """
  判断一个字符串是否为ipv6地址
  :param address: 待认证的字符串
  :return: True or False
  Usage::
    >>> is_ipv6("10.14.10.10")
    False
    >>> is_ipv6("0:0:0:0:0:ffff:192.1.56.10")
    True
    >>> is_ipv6("ff06::c3")
    True
  """
  try:
      IPv6Address(address)
      return True
  except AddressValueError:
      return False

2.3. 验证是否为ipv4段

def is_ipv4_cidr(address: str) -> bool:
   """
   判断是否为ipv4段
   :param address: 待验证的字符串
   :return: True or False
   Usage::
     >>> is_ipv4_cidr("192.0.2.0/24")
     True
     >>> is_ipv4_cidr("192.0.2.0/255.255.255.0")
     True
     >>> is_ipv4_cidr("192.0.2.1/50")
     False
   """
   if "/" not in address:
       return False

   try:
       IPv4Network(address, strict=False)
       return True
   except (AddressValueError, NetmaskValueError):
       return False

2.4. 验证是否为ipv6段

def is_ipv6_cidr(address: str) -> bool:
    """
    判断是否为ipv6段
    :param address: 待验证的字符串
    :return: True or False
    Usage::
      >>> is_ipv6_cidr("2001:db8::/128")
      True
      >>> is_ipv6_cidr("2001:db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/128")
      True
      >>> is_ipv6_cidr("2001:db8::/256")
      False
    """
    if "/" not in address:
        return False

    try:
        IPv6Network(address, strict=False)
        return True
    except (AddressValueError, NetmaskValueError):
        return False

2.5. 验证是否为ipv4范围

备注

此处需要引用is_ipv4函数

def is_ipv4_range(address: str) -> bool:
    """
    验证字符串是否为ipv4范围
    :param address: 待验证的字符串 格式为：10.10.10.10-10
    :return:
    Usage::
      >>> is_ipv4_range("10.10.10.10-60")
      True
      >>> is_ipv4_range("10.10.10.10-5")
      False
    """
    # 分割
    split_list = address.split('-')
    if len(split_list) != 2:
        return False

    # 判断第一部分是否为ip地址
    if not is_ipv4(split_list[0]):
        return False

    # 判断第二部分数字的范围是否在ip地址尾部数字到255之间
    try:
        number = int(split_list[1])
    except ValueError:
        return False

    return int(split_list[0].rsplit('.', 1)[-1]) < number <= 255

2.6. 验证是否为ipv6范围

备注

此处需要引用is_ipv6函数

def is_ipv6_range(address: str) -> bool:
    """
    验证字符串是否为ipv6范围
    :param address: 待验证的字符串 格式为：2001:db8::-ffff
    :return:
    Usage::
      >>> is_ipv6_range("2001:db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000-ffff")
      True
      >>> is_ipv6_range("2001:db8::-ffff")
      True
      >>> is_ipv4_range("2001:db8::ffff-ffff")
      False
    """
    # 分割
    split_list = address.split('-')
    if len(split_list) != 2:
        return False

    # 判断第一部分是否为ip地址
    if not is_ipv6(split_list[0]):
        return False

    # 判断第二部分数字的范围是否在ip地址尾部数字到65535之间
    try:
        number = int(split_list[1], 16)
    except ValueError:
        return False

    # 对于缩写的ipv6地址做转换 获取IP地址的longhand版本 2001:db8:: -> 2001:db8:0000:...:0000
    ipv6 = IPv6Address(split_list[0])
    return int(ipv6.exploded.rsplit(':', 1)[-1], 16) < number <= 65535

2.7. 验证ip是否属于一个网段

def ip_in_cidr(address: str, cidr: str) -> bool:
    """
    判断ip是否属于一个网段
    :param address: 待验证的ip地址
    :param cidr: 网断地址
    :return: True or False
    Example::
        a.b.c.0/24               2001:658:22a:cafe::/64
        a.b.c.0-a.b.c.255        2001:658:22a:cafe::-2001:658:22a:cafe:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
        a.b.c.d/255.255.255.0    not supported for IPv6
    Usage::
      >>> ip_in_cidr("10.10.10.10", "10.10.10.0/24")
      True
      >>> ip_in_cidr("192.168.1.0/24", "192.168.0.0/16")
      True
      >>> ip_in_cidr("192.168.1.0", "255.255.255.0")
      False
      >>> ip_in_cidr("::0", "::0/127")
      True
    """
    try:
        return address in IPy.IP(cidr)
    except ValueError:
        return False

2.8. 验证ip是否为本地回环地址

def is_loopback(address: str) -> bool:
    """
    判断ip是否为本地回环地址  在 127.0.0.0/8和::1属于本地回环地址
    :param address: 待验证的地址 ipv4 or ipv6
    :return: True or False
    Usages:
      >>> is_loopback("10.10.10.10")
      False
      >>> is_loopback("127.0.0.1")
      True
      >>> is_loopback("::1")
      True
    """
    # 判断ipv4
    if is_ipv4(address) and IPv4Address(address).is_loopback:
        return True

    # 判断ipv6
    if is_ipv6(address) and IPv6Address(address).is_loopback:
        return True

    return False